(1) The discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea;
or (2) the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment: (a) provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the discharge for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge; and (b) except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result; or (3) the discharge into the sea of substances containing oil, approved by the flag State Administration, when being used for the purpose of combating specific pollution incidents in order to minimize the damage from pollution. Any such discharge shall be subject to the approval of any Government in whose jurisdiction it is contemplated the discharge will occur. (MARPOL Annex I reg. 4)
