If a mate’s receipt has been claused by the ship, e. g. with remarks about rust on steel plates, what may a master expect to see when presented with the bill of lading for signature?

Exactly the same remarks on the face of the bill of lading. 

(Remarks made by the ship concerning deficiencies in number or condition of the goods should always be authorised by the carrier and his P&I club, however, since problems with banks can arise with certain forms of wording. )