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If there is a breach of a Merchant Shipping regulation with an associated penalty, which type of law is contravened and in what type of court would the case be heard?

Criminal law is contravened. (Most contraventions of Merchant Shipping legislation are criminal acts, punishable by a fine or imprisonment or both.) The case would be heard in a criminal court, e. g. a magistrate’s court in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, or a sheriff court in Scotland.

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What is the Standard Scale of Fines, and what is its purpose?

Most merchant shipping statutory instruments provide for two grades of penalty: one on summary conviction and the other on conviction on indictment. What is the difference between summary conviction and conviction on indictment?