INCOTERMS—Summary of obligations. The following is a guideline to the obligation of both seller and buyer:
1.EXW—ex works (…. named place)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract,
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Arrange transport from premises.
d. Deliver goods at his premises.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Advise buyer of availability of goods.
h. Pay for necessary checking, packing, marking before delivery.
j. Assist buyer to obtain documentation and advise buyer on insurance.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and export/import permits
c. Arrange transport from premises.
d. Take delivery at seller’s premises.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery.
f. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
g. Advise seller of the place and time of taking delivery.
h. Give seller proof of having taken delivery.
i. Pay pre-shipment inspection costs.
j. Reimburse seller for documentation costs.
2.FCA—free carrier …. named place)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Comply with export licences and customs formalities.
c. Arrange, if buyer requests, for carriage of goods at buyer’s risk and expense.
d. Deliver the goods to the carrier agreed.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to carrier.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Comply with import licences and customs formalities.
c. Arrange for carriage of goods.
d. Accept delivery of the goods.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery.
f. Pay all costs after delivery.
g. Give seller adequate notice of preferred carrier and date and point of delivery.
h. Accept proof of delivery.
i. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses were necessary.
j. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc, and give seller appropriate carriage instructions.
3. FAS—free alongside ship …. named port of shipment)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Deliver goods alongside named vessel at named port.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery alongside on ship.
e. Pay all costs until delivery alongside ship.
f. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to ship.
g. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
h. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking. j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price agreed.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Arrange for shipment at own expense.
d. Take delivery alongside ship.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery alongside ship.
f. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
g. Give seller adequate notice of ship and port of loading.
h. Accept proof of delivery.
i. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
j. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
4. FOB-free on board (….named port of shipment)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Deliver goods on board named vessel at named port.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery on ship.
e. Pay all costs until delivery on ship.
f. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to ship.
g. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
h. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
i. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Arrange for shipment at own expense.
d. Take delivery at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery at ship side.
f. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
g. Give seller adequate notice of ship and port of loading.
h. Accept proof of delivery.
i. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
j. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
5. CFR-cost and freight (….named port of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Deliver goods on board vessel at name port.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery on board of ship.
e. Pay all costs until delivery.
f. Give buyers adequate notice that good.
g. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
h. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
i. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Arrange delivery at his own expenses at agreed destination.
d. Take delivery at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery.
f. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
g. Give seller adequate notice of ship and port loading.
h. Accept proof of delivery.
i. Pay cost of pre-shipment inspection where necessary.
j. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
6. CIF – costs, insurance and freight (…named port of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods in accordance with contract.
b. Obtain necessary export licence.
c. Arrange at own expenses for shipment of goods to named port. Arrange insurance of goods.
d. Deliver goods on board vessel at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery on board of ship.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain any import licence.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. Bear the risk of loss or damage after delivery at port of shipment.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of time and port of loading.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licenses, etc. Render assistance re insurance if necessary.
7. CPT – Carriage paid to (….named place of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods in accordance with contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Pay cost of delivery to agreed point and make the contract of carriage.
d. Deliver goods to first carrier.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named point.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of time and place of delivery.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
8. CIP – Carriage and insurance paid to (….named place of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods in accordance with contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Pay cost of delivery to agreed point and make the contract of carriage.
d. Deliver goods to first carrier.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to ship.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the prince.
b. Obtain licence and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. Bear the risk of loss or damage after delivery.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of ship and port of loading.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
9. DAF – Delivered at frontier (…named place).
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Pay cost carriage to frontier.
d. Deliver goods to named frontier.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to frontier.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of gods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at frontier.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of place of delivery.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
10. DES – Delivered ex ship (….named port of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Arrange at own expense delivery to a named place at named port.
d. Deliver goods on board named vessel at named port of destination.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery on ship.
f. Pay al costs until delivery on ship at destination.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to port of destination.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agred manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. bear risk of loss or damage after delivery at ship side.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give buyer adequate notice of ship and port of destination.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
11. DEQ – delivered ex quay (duty paid) (…named port of destinantion)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Arrange carriage to port of destination.
d. Deliver goods on quay at named vessel at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery at quay.
f. Pay all costs including customs duties until delivery on quay.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to quay.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery at quay.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of destination.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
12. DDU – Delivered duty unpaid (…at named destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Assist buyer to obtain necessary export licence.
c. Pay all costs of carriage to agreed point at destination port.
d. Deliver goods at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery on ship.
f. Pay all costs until delivery on ship.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Assist with obtaining import licences and insurance if necessary.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Obtain licences and official permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. Bear risk of loss or damage after delivery at ship side.
e. Pay all costs after delivery including duties and taxes.
f. Give seller adequate notice of ship and port of delivery.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Pay all costs relating to import licences, etc.
13. DDP – Delivered duty paid (…named place of destination)
Seller’s obligations
a. Provide goods according to contract.
b. Obtain necessary export licence.
c. Arrange carriage to port of destination at own expense.
d. Deliver goods at named port.
e. Bear risk of loss or damage until time of delivery.
f. Pay all costs until delivery on ship including duties and taxes.
g. Give buyer adequate notice that goods have been delivered to port.
h. Advise buyer of delivery of goods in agreed manner.
i. Pay costs of packaging, checking and marking.
j. Pay all costs connected with import licenses and assist buyer with insurance procedures.
Buyer’s obligations
a. Pay the price.
b. Assist seller with obtaining permission for export/import.
c. Take delivery at named port.
d. Bear the risk of loss or damage after delivery.
e. Pay all costs after delivery.
f. Give seller adequate notice of destination port.
g. Accept proof of delivery.
h. Pay cost of pre-shipment expenses where necessary.
i. Assist seller with information necessary to deliver goods.
